Classic Wooden Yachts
in UK
To
the builders of classic wooden sailing yachts, the hulls
are more than just a sleekly shaped vessel whose job it
is to keep out the water.
Wooden yachts, and particularly wooden
sailing yachts, have to withstand a range of loads and
impacts, and builders and designers have developed some
remarkably complex structures to handle those
loads.
The hull and deck
must be strong enough to withstand loads from tons of
water, and to cope with point loads, such as those that
occur when a yacht is propped up ashore, or hits an
object as sea. Taken as a whole, the hull has to be stiff
enough to resist bending forces when supported between
two waves, when hard aground on a rocky ledge, and from
the pull of shrouds and stays.
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Finally, special
reinforcing must be built in to cope with loads such as
those from the mast, which does its best to punch a hole
through the bottom, and the rudder, which seeks to tear a
hole in stern.
The problem is
complicated by the fact that we expect classic wooden
sailing yachts to be capable of withstanding these loads
for years. The marine environment is harsh, and
accelerates corrosion and decay in most materials. Wooden
yachts must be designed and built with an extra factor of
strength in order to cope with the inevitable
deterioration that takes place over
time.
The
Nature of Wood for Classic Wooden
Yachts
Yachts can be
built out of almost anything, but not all building
materials for yachts are equally suited to the task. It
is no accident that, historically, most yachts have been
built of wood, as it combines strength and resilience in
a lightweight, easily worked form. In many respects wood
is the ideal yacht building material, due to its
exceptional stiffness.
The stiffness of
a material is largely what determines how much it bends
when under load. In general, if a material can resist
bending or flexing, it will prove amply strong in other
respects, such as resisting tensile loads. Wood combines
stiffness with light weight in a way that makes it
structurally more efficient, stiffer for its weight, than
just about any other material, including high tech
laminates.
All wooden yachts
benefit from wood's remarkable structural properties, but
traditionally constructed hulls can't take full advantage
of the properties of wood due in part to the difficulty
in effectively fastening all the various pieces together.
They also absorb far more moisture than is ideal; many
woods are two or even three times stronger when dry than
they are when saturated with moisture.
These drawbacks
don't make traditional construction a poor choice; they
simply mean that such craft will be somewhat heavier than
a laminated hull of the same strength.
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